PseudoCode Cheat Sheet

Data types

• STRING (a string of characters)

• CHAR (a single character)

• INTEGER (an integer number)

• REAL (a real number (can contain decimals)

• BOOLEAN (a true or false)

Declaration

• Variable
   1. DECLARE variableName: DataType
• Constant
   1. CONSTANT constantName: DataType = Value
• Array
   1. DECLARE arrayName: ARRAY[startIndex : endIndex] OF DataType
• 2D Array
   1. DECLARE arrayName: ARRAY[startRowIndex : endRowIndex, startColumnIndex : endColumnIndex] OF DataType

Input / Output

• Input
   1. INPUT variable
• Output
   1. OUTPUT variable
• Note: you can input and output multiple times in 1 INPUT / OUTPUT
   1. INPUT variable1 , variable2 ...
 2. OUTPUT variable1 , variable2 ...

If statement

• Regular IF
  •  1. IF condition
 2.     THEN
 3.         // code
 3. ENDIF
• IF with ELSE
  •  1. IF condition
 2.     THEN
 3.        // code
 4.     ELSE
 5.         // code
 6. ENDIF
• IF with ELSE IF
  •   1. IF condition
  2.     THEN
  3.         // code
  4.     ELSE
  5.         IF condition
  6.             THEN
  7.                 // code
  8.             ELSE
  9.                 // code
 10.         ENDIF
 11. ENDIF

Case of

•  1. CASE variable OF
 2.     value1: statement
 3.     value2: statement
 4.     value3: statement
 5.     OTHERWISE: statement
 6. ENDCASE

Iteration (Looping)

• using FOR
•  1. FOR i = 1 TO endValue
 2.     // code
 3. NEXT i
• using WHILE
•  1. WHILE condition DO
 2.     // code
 3. ENDWHILE
• using REPEAT
•  1. REPEAT
 2.     // code
 3. UNTIL condition

Procedures

• Declaration
•  1. PROCEDURE procedureName (parameter : DataType, ...)
 2.     // code
 3. ENDPROCEDURE
• Calling
•  1. Call procedureName // without parameters
 2. Call procedureName (parameter, ...) // with parameters


Functions

• Declaration
•  1. FUNCTION functionName (parameter : DataType, ...) RETURNS DataType
 2.     // code
 3. ENDFUNCTION
• Calling
•  1. variable = functionName (parameter, ...) // sets the value returned from the function to the variable


Some existing functions

• MOD -> Returns the remainder of division
•  1. MOD(num1,num2)
• DIV -> Returns the integer quotient of division
•  1. DIV(num1,num2)
• INT -> Returns integer part of decimal / floor of number
•  1. INT(num1)
• ROUND -> Returns a round up of a decimal number
•  1. ROUND(num, numOfDecimalPlaces)
• RANDOM -> Returns a random decimal between 0 and 1 inclusive
•  1. RANDOM()

String manipulation

• LENGTH -> To find the string's length
•  1. LENGTH("My string") // returns 9
• SUBSTRING -> To extract a substring from a string
• -> The first parameter is the string (or string variable) and the second is the starting character index and the third parameter is the length to select from the starting character index
•  1. SUBSTRING("My string", 3, 6) // returns "string"
• UCASE -> To convert to uppercase
•  1. UCASE("My string") // returns "MY STRING"
• LCASE -> To convert to lowercase
•  1. LCASE("My string") // returns "my string"

File Management

• Declaration of needed variables
 1. DECLARE file: STRING // takes the path of the file for example "file.txt"
 2. DECLARE variable: STRING // this will take the values of each line read from the file

• Read -> To read a file line by line
•  1. OPENFILE file FOR READ
 2.     READFILE file, variable
 3.     OUTPUT variable // you can output here though
 4. CLOSEFILE file
• Write -> To write on a file line by line
•  1. OPENFILE file FOR WRITE
 2.     WRITEFILE file, variable
 3.     OUTPUT variable // you can output here though
 4. CLOSEFILE file